The Ecology of the Boreal White and Black Spruce Zone

T he Boreal White and Black Spruce Zone forms part of a vast boreal forest that stretches across northern Canada from Newfoundland to the Yukon. In many ways, this zone fits the popular image of the Canadian north as a place with large areas of unspoiled wilderness, long cold winters, and abundant wildlife. Forests and muskeg dominate the landscape , and moose, caribou, bears, and wolves are plentiful, along with black flies and mosquitoes.